Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Performance appraisal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Performance appraisal - Research Paper Example Performance Appraisals should be able to minimize the gap between the evaluation that an employee receives on a particular performance and the actual results the individual has achieved. However, this is seldom achieved. Studies have been conducted on the efficacy of performance appraisal as social and the emotional factors or the cognitive process on performance appraisal has been assessed. While it is vehemently believed that performance appraisal can have positive implications and help improve organizational effectiveness, these studies suggest that organizations have not been able to achieve the intended objectives in conducting performance appraisal. This paper reviews the perceived benefits of performance appraisal and the constraints that have hindered the development of an effective performance appraisal system. Literature Review Performance Appraisal has been defined as the "formal evaluation of an employee's job performance in order to determine the degree to which the empl oyee is performing effectively" (Griffin & Ebert, 2002 cited by Schraeder, Becton & Portis, 2007). Performance management is about improving performance but is often forgotten (Hendry et al, 2006). Aligning with corporate objectives and goals The PA system should be strategically aligned with corporate objectives and goals to achieve the intended results. This requires careful thinking and serious planning as the administrative, developmental, and strategic needs have to be integrated (Caruth & Humphreys, 2008). Therefore, an effective PA system should reflect formalization, job relatedness, standards and measurements, validity, reliability, open communication, trained appraisers, ease of use, employee accessibility to results, review procedures, and appeal procedures. Through written employee handbook the employees should be made aware of the formal procedures and policies. The appraisal factors should account for success or lack of success in performing a job. These should be well understood and uniformly interpreted by all appraisers. For meaningful appraisal standards should be thoughtfully set so that it ensures integration of information into the overall strategic process of the organization. Benefits of PA Performance appraisals are used to determine employee compensation, merit pay, while also facilitating human resource management functions. PA can also provide information about the effectiveness of the firm’s selection and placement programs, in addition to identifying training needs (Pettijohn et al, 2008). The most important function is to provide information and direction to employees which would lead to enhanced performance. PA is meant to gather information for personnel decisions such as rewards, promotion, transfers or termination (Kennedy & Dresser, 2001). It is also used as a tool to identify weaknesses which helps identify training and development needs. However, seldom is there focus on personality traits and behavior. According to Schraeder, Becton and Portis (2007) performance appraisals have definite benefits such as enhanced communication, enhanced employee focus by promoting trust; it leads to goal setting and enhanced performance. Facilitating communication reduces employee uncertainty, according to Schraeder et al while inhibiting or hindering communication is an organizational weakness (Caruth & Humphre
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Friday, October 25, 2019
Industrial France And England :: essays research papers
Andrew Battaini                                    2/16/00 Industrial France and England      The impact Industrial Revolution was immense on the countries of France and England, which caused large changes in the social classes. Another class of peoples emerged in England and France; they were the middle classes. The middle class was made up of intelligent people who made their money through their smarts and not how they were born. This was clearly proven in France when it's middle class emerged and being influenced by the philosophies filtered ideas of natural rights (life, liberty, and property). This in turn created ideas of revolution in France which eventually overthrew the monarch and set up there own government. Both of these countries however used the Industrial Revolution to there advantage in terms of new inventions and bettering the economy. This essay will show the impact of the Industrial Revolution on France and England.      England started its Industrial Revolution at its peak by first having the proper tools available at the right time. One of the reasons England did so well before the Industrial Revolution was that it had a strong merchant marine which got the materials that didn't occur naturally on there island. This also allowed them to gain news of technological advances and soon machines replaced the gape where workers couldn't be because of the limited work force. And due to England's supremacy of the sea anything they couldn't make now they could trade for it. This led to a better economy, which fell into the time slot of the industrial revolution. Through out all of this the classes remained the same except the small percent of peasants that moved up to the middle class. Family life was very similar through out Europe and there was no exception in England , the father was the head of the family and worked while the women stayed home and took care of the children an did most of the household chores. Rural life did not change much but urban life did with people moving to the cities to work in factories so population in cities grew gradually, but this sudden flood of people made many of them homeless because there was not enough room for them ,so they ether walked many miles to work or if lucky enough a person could find a room to live in. This view of the industrial revolution in England shows that it was beneficial for the economy and upper class but it was horrid for
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Carolyn Kizer’s Bitch: Closing the Doors on the Past Essay
The poem â€Å"Bitch†by Carolyn Kizer, published in 1984, is one that truly grasps the reader’s attention, beginning with the title itself. The overall tone of this poem intertwines the feelings of sadness and anger and also reveals quite a bit about the speaker’s past. The speaker is referring to her inner self as the â€Å"bitch†and her hurt condition is clearly present throughout the poem. She uses words such as â€Å"bark, growling, slobbers and whimper†to drive this meaning across to the reader. It is in the speaker’s own representation of her inner self as a â€Å"bitch,†one that not only bark[s] hysterically,†but also may â€Å"whimper,†and even â€Å"cringe†. The speaker is easily inclined to remember past memories from the relationship and struggles with revealing her inner emotions and putting on a calm outward appearance. This is an experience which is quite familiar to me, as a reader. I am often faced with the choice of being a â€Å"bitch†to someone (ex-boyfriend, annoying relative, a backstabbing friend†¦ etc) and showing how I truly feel or being a controlled and relaxed young woman. Kizer uses the imagery of a dog throughout the poem to show the speaker’s different emotions. Bitch†begins by describing an encounter between the speaker and an ex-lover. Lines 1 and 2 (â€Å"Now, when he and I meet†¦ growling†) reveal that these two have not kept in contact over the years. Although the speaker feels hurt and angry about the past, she tells herself to control her emotions. She is fghting with herself to not let her true feelings show. Should she scream out in anger or break down in tears to express her hurt state? Or should she stay quiet and maintain her calm nature? There is obviously tension present in these first few lines. At this point in the poem, the reader does not know ow or why this relationship ended, but the break-up clearly hurt the â€Å"bitch†more than it hurt her lover. The speaker displays an outward appearance of kindness and self-control, while she is really growing more and more furious inside (lines 5 and 6). My voice says, â€Å"Nice to see you, as the bitch starts to bark hysterically’). In line 7 (â€Å"He isn’t an enemy now’) the speaker is telling herself that she should not be dwelling on the past because her ex cant hurt her anymore. The â€Å"bitch†seems to be doing fine in controlling her emotions until line 9 when her ex-lover asks her: *dow are the children? They must be growing up. An immediate change of tone occurs here. There is an internal struggle going on between her heart and her mind. The speaker’s mind is telling her to be polite to her ex, forget the past and move on. The bitch’s heart, on the other hand, is keeping her from moving on and causing her to struggle with feelings of desire. This is clear, for example, in lines 10-13: â€Å"Ata kind word from him†¦ Down, girl! Keep your distance. †The speaker knows that if she up getting hurt. Kind words and gestures can often be deceiving and I have learned that unfortunately charming people are dangerous. I have been hurt numerous times y such personalities by only looking at their kind side and ignoring other flaws. The bitch is warning herself to not get caught up in this trap of feelings again. Quite a bit of information about the past is exposed in (lines 17-21): †She is basically loyal†¦ Until he was ready to play. This means that the speaker was always loyal and kind to her lover, but he was bored with her and still thought that she was not good enough. The imagery here is being compared to the relationship between an owner and his loving and loyal dog. Some words that emphasize this relationship are â€Å"running†, â€Å"lay at his feet†, and â€Å"ready to play’. A bitch is always ready to do what one wants and it is clear that this was the sor t of relationship that the speaker and her lover had. If he wanted her to wait for something, she was willing to wait. If he needed something, she would get it for him. If she was given an order, she would immediately act upon it. The image of an obedient dog comes to mind while reading these ending stanzas. Although the speaker is struggling with feelings of anger and repression, she still desires reconciliation. Her emotions are running wild with memories of her past, but she knows she can’t express them. She wants to be the bigger person in this uncomfortable situation because she knows she will end up getting hurt again if she â€Å"barks†or â€Å"whimpers†. In the final lines of the poem, from lines 28 to 34, the speaker reveals her final thoughts and emotions of the past and, especially, for this man, whom she cared for. The speaker seems to have given up her tender feelings for him. As she reveals these aspects, she also gives the readers and the â€Å"bitch,†or at least the woman that she was, some information on this man she has been speaking to. The readers learn that the unidentified man has perhaps remarried? (Line 31) Since he bitch sees that he has moved on with his life, she knows that it is only right that she does as well.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
William Loyd Garrison
â€Å"I will be Heard†William Lloyd Garrison Struggle against slavery In the early years of William Lloyd Garrison, Garrison believed in a gradual emancipation. In the later years, Garrison's views on slavery changed. He believed that there was only one true way of abolishing slavery, and that the most powerful way was through moral persuasion. Although, Garrison was willing to allow a standard for slaves which was different from his personal views in using only moral persuasion. He believed that it was impossible to hold slaves to his standards of persuasion.Garrison also believed that the oppressed may be justified in using force when necessary. Garrison and his colleague Isaac Knapp, and several others had started to write a journal called The Liberator. This journal struck at the very heart of slavery, bringing forth the evils of its creation and denying our utmost principles of humanity. The Liberator also struck at the Declaration of Independence declaring that all men are equal and by that very pen which the Declaration was created sets forth hypocrisy in which knows no bounds through the depths of slavery itself. TheChurch was also held accountable for its refusal to condemn slavery. This journal was a radical viewpoint in the nineteenth century. Garrison's views were particularly unpopular in the South where slaves were more abundant and was the essential element of the economy. Even in the North, with New York being the largest holding slave state, had no intentions of a total emancipation. Americans had no desire to live with people of African descent. Many white Americans believed that those of African descent were unfit for full participation in the new republic. Within the different areas of theNorth free blacks were withheld from entry into public places, churches, schools and warned those free people of color that if they did not voluntarily leave that they would be removed. Often they were assaulted physically as well as verbally. Free blacks were also denied the right to vote, sit on a jury, testify in court, carry a gun or even travel freely. Free people of African descent faced many obstacles in America. Many opponents of slavery believed the only possible way of total abolition were upon removing free blacks from the country. In the first issue of The Liberator, Garrison apologized for his previous support for the pernicious doctrine of gradual abolition†a belief that he no longer supported. Garrison demanded an immediate end to slavery. He condemned slavery as a sin. He believed in the principles of human equality and he was persistent in denouncing the evils of slave holding. He believed in the eyes of God that white and black could not be distinguished. Therefore should not be distinguished in man made laws as well. The Liberator sparked opposition due to the radical assault on the society of the American republic on white over black. Before the circulation of The Liberator the District ofColumbia tr ied to keep it from being distributed by prohibiting free people of African descent from attaining copies at the post office. In North Carolina Garrison was indicted for distributing his literature and in Georgia the legislature offered a five thousand dollar bounty for anyone arresting Garrison. In the years that followed he began to attract the more moderate community. This group did not repudiate the Constitution for the antislavery coalition they embraced it and worked within the system to build political parties that would overturn slavery. For some reason Garrison distanced himself from oliticians who campaigned on the antislavery ticket. Although, he did not discourage their assault on slavery. Likewise, the antislavery politicians also distanced themselves from Garrison and his group. Although, no one would refuse the effectiveness of that was drawn from the assault on slavery. Soon after the reelection in 1864 Lincoln invited Garrison to the White House. Lincoln remarked th at he considered himself â€Å"only an instrument in the struggle for emancipation. †â€Å"The logic and moral power of Garrison and the antislavery people of the country and the army, have done it all. †â€Å"The liberator had been heard. â€
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